On Friday I had a new battery installed in my car. On Saturday, I went to buy gas and the fuel cap wouldn't open when I pressed the button on the inside of the driver's door. I was able to get it open with the release in the trunk without any problem. Is it possible that the new battery being installed blew the fuse than controls the fuel cap opener?

 

Possibly. Have you checked the fuses?

 

This^^^
Should be the first place you look. Did you hear it make the noise (mine does) when you pressed the button?