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Keeping really simple, because I don't know of all the details. Premium fuel typically is rated with 91 or 93 octane. The higher the octane rating the better the fuel will burn instead of exploding. The type of gas (regular, super, or premium) you need is really determined by what is recommedend from the manufacturer. If your engine is setup to run regular and you pump premium you might actually get worse performance because the timing of the engine isn't set up for it. Best advice, run what the manufacturer suggest otherwise your just wasting your money.
High test burns slower gives more power,but only in engines that require it. In states that do emission testing, use 87 octane, High test is a no no. to many hydrocarbons.