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do you have voltage at the coil? what about fuel pressure? any spark? (pull a plug and hold it to the block while plugged into the wire and have some crank the engine over, check for spark at the plug)
it wouldn't hurt to check the battery connections either. If they're dirty they could cause issues with the computer and possibly keep it from running even though you can crank it.
I think it is possible the timing jumped, though I feel your issue is going to be far less serious than that.
I very very highly doubt that the timing jumped. These engines all have timing chains which are very durable, and I believe that the 5.2s and 5.9s (not sure on the 4.7s) have metal sprockets for the timing chain. So again I would almost guarantee that the timing hasn't jumped
i wont say it cannot happen, but it is very rare for a timing chain to jump time, they last the life of the motor and beyond in most cases (i have NEVER seen a timing chain jump), also if a it had jumped time by only a bit it would still run.